2025 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语 （二） 试题

Section I      Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,  C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

There  are  many  understandable  reasons  why  you  might  find  it difficult  to  ask  for  help  when  you  need  it.  Psychologists  have  been interested  in  this          1           for   decades,  not   least  because  people ’s widespread      2       to ask for help has led to some high-profile failures.

Asking or help takes       3        . It involves communicating a need on  your part-there ’s something you can’t do.       4        , you’re broadcasting  your own weaknesses which can be       5         .  You  might  worry about  coming  across  as  incompetent.  You might have        6         about  losing  control of whatever it is you’re asking for help with.         7       someone  starts to help, perhaps they’ll take over, or get credit for your earlier efforts. Yet another      8      that might be worried about is being a nuisance or       9  the person you go to for help.

If you  struggle  with  low  self-esteem,  you  might  find  it  especially difficult to       10          for help because you have the added worry of the other person         11         your  request.  You  might  see  such  refusals  as implying something       12         about the  status of your relationship with them. To       13        these difficulties, try to remind yourself that everyone

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needs help sometimes. Nobody knows everything and can do everything all  by  themselves.  And  while  you  might         14         coming  across  as incompetent, there’s actually research that shows that advice-seekers are 15         as more competent, not less.

Perhaps most encouraging of all is a paper from 2022 by researchers at  Stanford  University  that  involved  a  mix  of  contrived  help-seeking interactions and asking people to       16       times they’d sought help in the past. The findings showed that help-seeker generally underestimate how 17       other people will be to help and how good it’ll make the help-giver feel  (for  most  people,  having  the   chance  to  help   someone  is  highly 18      ).

So, bear  all  this  in  mind  the  next  time  you  need  to  ask  for  help 19        ,  take  care  over  who  you  ask  and  when  you  ask  them.  And  if someone can’t help right now, avoid talking it personally. They might just be too      20      , or they might not feel confident about their ability to help

Section II      Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the followingfour texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

U.S. customers historically tipped people they assumed were earning most of their income via tips, such as restaurant servers earning less than the minimum wage. In the early 2010s, a wide range of businesses started processing purchases with iPads and other digital payment systems. These systems prompted customers to tip for services that were not previously tipped.

Today's tip requests are often not connected to the salary and service

norms that used to determine when oud how people tip. Customers in the past  nearly  always  paid  tips  after  receiving  a  service,  such  as  at  the conclusion of a restaurant meal, after getting a haircut or once a pizza was delivered. That timing could reward high-quality service and give workers an incentive to provide it.

It's becoming more common for tips to be requested beforehand. And new tipping technology may even automatically add tips.

The prevalence of digital payment devices has made it easier to ask customers for a tip. That helps explain why tip requests are creeping into new kind of services. Customers now routinely see menus of suggested default options-often well above 70% of what they owe. The amounts have risen from 10% or less in the 1950s to 15% around the year 2000 to 20% or higher today. This increase is sometimes called tipflation-the expectation of ever-higher tip amounts.

Tipping has  always  been  a  vital  source  of  income  for  workers  in historically tipped  services, like restaurants, where the tipped minimum wage can be as low as US

Notably, tipping primarily benefits some of these workers, such as cooks and dishwashers. To ensure that all employees were paid fair wages, some restaurants banned tipping and increased prices, but this movement toward no-tipping services has largely fizzled out.

21.  According to paragraph 1, the practice of tips in the U.S.                 .

[A] was regarded by many customers as a sign of generosity

[B] was considered essential for waiters [C]was a way of rewarding diligence     [D] was optional in most businesses

22.  Compared with tips in the past, today's tips                 .

[A] are paid much less frequently

[B] are less often requested in advance  [C] have less to do with service quality [D] contributed less to workers' income

23.   Tip  requests  are  creeping  into  new  kind  of  service  as  a  result  of

.

________

[A] the advancement of technology [B] the desire for income increase   [C] the diversification of business   [D] the emergence of tipflation

24.     The    movement   toward    to    no-tipping    service   was    intended

to                 .

[A] promote consumption [B] enrich income sources

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[C] maintain reasonable prices [D] guarantee income fairness

25.  It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping                  .

[A] is becoming a burden for customers [B] helps encourage quality service

[C] is vital to business development  [D] reflects the need to reduce prices

Text 2

When  it  was  established,  the  National  Health  service  (NHS)  was visionary: offering high-quality, timely care to meet the dominant needs of the  population  it  served/Nearly  75  years  on;  with  the  UK  facing  very different health challenges, it is clear that model is out of date.

From  life  expectancy  to  cancer  and  infant  mortality  rates,  we  are lagging behind many of our peers/With more than 6.8 million on waitlists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who can not opt to  pay  for  private  treatment;  and  the  cost  of  providing  healthcare  is increasingly squeezed out investment in other public services/ As demand for  healthcare  continues  to  grow,  pressures  on  the  workforce-which  is already near breaking point-will only become more acute.

Many  of  the  answers  to  the  crisis  in  health  and  care  are  well rehearsed./We need to be much better at reducing and diverting demand on health services, rather than simply managing it./Much more needs to be

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invested  in  communities  and  primary  care  to  reduce  our  reliance  on hospital's/And capacity in social care needs to be greater, to support the growing number ofpeople living with long-term conditions.

26.    According to the first two paragraphs, the NHS                 .

[A] is troubled by funding deficiencies

[B] can hardly satisfy people's needs

[C] can barely retain its current employees [D] is rivalled by private medical services

27.    One answer to the crisis in health and care is to                 .

[A] boost the efficiency of hospitals

[B] lighten the burden on social care

[C] increase resources for primary care  [D] reduce the pressure on communities

28.    "Reimagining health" is aimed to                 .

[A] reinforce hospital management [B] readjust healthcare regulations

[C] restructure the health system

[D] resume suspended health reforms

29. To maximise the nation's health, the author suggests                 .

[A] introducing relevant taxation policies [B] paying due attention to social factors

[C] reevaluating major health outcomes [D] enhancing the quality of healthcare

30.It can be inferred that local leaders should                  .

[A] exercise their power more reasonably

[B] develop a stronger sense of responsibility [C] play a bigger role in then health system    [D] understand people's health needs better

Text 3

Heat action plans, or HAPs, have been proliferating in India in the  past few years. In general, a HAP spells out when and how officials should  issue heat warnings and alert hospitals and other institutions. Nagpur's plan, for instance, calls for hospitals to set aside "cold wards" in the summer for  treating  heatstroke  patients,  and  advises  builders  to  give  construction  laborers a break from work on very hot days.

But implementation of existing HAPs has been uneven, according to a report from the Centre for Policy Research. Many lack adequate funding, it found. And their triggering thresholds often are not customized to the local climate. In some areas, high daytime temperatures alone might serve as an adequate trigger for alerts. But in other places, nighttime temperatures or humidity might be as important a gauge of risk as daytime highs.

Mumbai's  April  heatstroke  deaths  highlighted  the  need  for  more nuanced   and   localized   warnings,   researchers    say.   That   day's   high

temperature of roughly 36℃ was 1 ℃  shy of the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities set by national meteorological authorities. But the effects of the heat were amplified by humidity—an often neglected factor in heat alert systems -and the lack of shade at the late-morning outdoor ceremony.

To help improve HAPs, urban planner Rajashree Kotharkar's team is working on a model plan that outlines best practices and could be adapted to local conditions. Among other things, she says, all cities should create a vulnerability map to help focus responses on the populations most at risk.

Such mapping doesn't need to be complex, Kotharkar says. "A useful  map can be created by looking at even a few key parameters." For example, neighborhoods with a large elderly population or informal dwellings might  be poorer with heat could get special warnings or be bolstered with cooling  centers. The Nagpur project has already created a risk and vulnerability  map, which enabled Kotharkar to tell officials which neighborhoods to  focus on in the event of a heat wave this summer.

HAPs   shouldn't   just    include    short-term   emergency    responses, researchers say, but also recommend medium-to long-term measures that could make communities cooler. In Nagpur, for example, Kotharkar's team has been able to advise city officials about where to plant trees to provide shade. HAPs could also guide efforts to retrofit homes or modify building regulations. "Reducing deaths in an emergency is good target to have, but it's the lowest target," says climate researcher Chandri Singh.

31. According  to  Paragraph   1,   Nagpur's   plan  proposes  measures  to

.

________

[A] tackle extreme weather

[B] ensure construction quality    [C] monitor emergency warnings [D] address excessive workloads

32. One problem with existing HAPs is that they                 .

[A] prove too costly to be implemented    [B] lack localized alert-issuing criteria     [C] give delayed responses to heat waves [D] keep hospitals under great pressure

33. Mumbai's case shows that India's heat alert systems need to                  .

[A] include other factors besides temperature   [B] take subtle weather changes into account    [C] prioritize potentially disastrous heat waves [D] draw further support from local authorities

34. Kotharkar holds that a vulnerability map can help                 .

[A] prevent the harm of high humidity

[B] target areas needing special attention

[C] expand the Nagpur project's coverage

[D] make reliefplans for heat-stricken people

35.According to the last paragraph, researchers believe that HAPs should

.

________

[A] focus more on heatstroke treatment [B] apply for more government grants   [C] invite wider public participation

[D] serve a broader range ofpurposes

Text 4

Navigating beyond the organised pavements and parts of our urban spaces, desire paths are the unofficial footprints of a community, revealing the  unspoken  preferences,   shared  shortcuts  and  collective  choices  of humans.  Often  appearing  as  trodden  dirt  tracks  through  otherwise  neat green spaces, these routes of collective disobedience cut corners, bisect lawns and cross hills, representing the natural capability of people cand, animals, to go from point A to point B most effectively.

Urban planners interpret desire paths as more than just convenient shortcuts; they offer valuable insights into the dynamics between planning and behaviour.

Navigating beyond the organised pavements and parks of our urban spaces, desire paths are the unofficial footprints of a community, revealing the  unspoken  preferences,   shared  shortcuts  and  collective  choices  of humans.  Often  appearing  as  trodden  dirt  tracks  through  otherwise  neat green spaces, these routes of collective disobedience cut corners, bisect

lawns and cross hills, representing the natural capability of people (and animals) to go from point A to point B most effectively.

Urban planners interpret desire paths as more than just convenient shortcuts; they offer valuable insights into the dynamics between planning and behaviour. Ohio State University allowed its students to navigate the Oval, a lawn in the centre of campus, freely, then proceeded to pave the desire paths, creating a web of effective routes students had established.

Yet, reluctance persists among other planners to integrate desire paths into formal plans, citing concerns about safety, environmental impact, or primarily,  aesthetics.  A  Reddit  webpage  devoted  to  the  phenomenon, boasting nearly 50,000 members, showcases images of local desire paths adorned  with   signs   instructing   pedestrians   to   adhere   to   designated walkways,    underscoring    the    rebellious    nature    inherent    in    these human-made tracks. This clash highlights an ongoing struggle between the organic, user-driven evolution of public spaces and the desire for a visually curated and controlled urban environment.

The Wickquasgeck Trail is an example of a historical desire path, created by Native Americans to cross the forests of Manhattan and move between settlements quickly. This trail, when Dutch colonists arrived, was widened  and made  into  one  of the  main  trade roads  across  the  island, known at the time as de Heere Straat, or Gentlemen’s Street. Following the British  assumption  of  control  in  New  York,  the   street  was  renamed

Broadway. Notably, Broadway stands out as one of the few areas in NYC that defies the grid-based system applied to the rest of the city, cutting a diagonal across parts of the city.

In  online  spaces,  desire  paths  have  sparked  a  fascination  that  can approach obsession, with the Reddit page serving as a hub. Contributors offer   a   wide   array   of  stories,   from   little-known   new   shortcuts   to long-established alternate routes.

Animal  desire  paths,  such  as  ducks  forging  trails  through  frozen ponds or dogs carving direct routes in gardens, highlight the adaptability of these  trails  in  both   human  and  animal  experiences.  As   desire  paths criss-cross through both physical and virtual landscapes, they stand as a proof of the collective  insistence  on  forging unconventional routes  and embracing the spirit of communal choice.

36.  According to Paragraph 1, desire paths are a result of                  .

[A] the curiosity to explore surrounding hills [B] the necessity to preserve green spaces

[C] the tendency to pursue convenience [D] the wish to find comfort in solitude

37.  It can be inferred that Ohio State University                  .

[A] intends to improve its desire paths

[B] leads in the research on desire paths   [C] guides the creation of its desire paths [D] takes a positive view of desire paths

38.  The images on the Reddit webpage reflect                  .

[A] conflicting opinions on the use of desire paths

[B] the call to upgrade the designing ofpublic spaces [C] the demand for proper planning of desire paths     [D] growing concerns over the loss ofpublic spaces

39. The example of the Wickguasgeck Trail illustrates                    .

[A] the growth ofNew York City

[B] the Dutch origin of desire paths    [C] the importance of urban planning [D] the recognition of desire paths

40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that desire paths                     .

[A] reveal humans ’ deep respect for nature

[B] are crucial to humans ’ mental wellbeing     [C] are a human imitation of animal behaviour [D] show a shared trait in humans and animals

Part B

 SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT

choosing  the  most  suitable  subheading from  the  list  A-G  for  each numberedparagraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do need to use. Markyour answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

[A] Stay positive

[B] Respect the past [C] Use channels

[D] Give it time

[E] Invite resistance [F] Be a salesman    [G] Be humble

Five Steps to Suggesting a Change at Work That'll Actually Get Taken Seriously

Everyone wants to be that person—the one who looks at the same information as everyone else, but who sees a fresh, innovative solution. However, it takes more than simply having a good idea. How you share it is  as  important  as  the  suggestion  itself.  Why?  Because  writing  a  new script-literally or figuratively-means that other team members will have to adapt to something new. So whether you're suggesting a (seemingly)benign change like streamlining outdated protocol, or a bigger change like adding an hour to  each workday  so  people  can  leave  early  on  Fridays, you're asking others to reimagine their workflow or schedule. Not to mention, if

the  process  your  scrapping  is  one  someone  else  suggested,  there's  the possibility of hurt feelings. To gain buy-in on an innovative, new idea, follow these steps:

41                  .

Great ideas don’t stand alone. In other words, you can’t mention your suggestion once and expect it to be adopted. To see a change, you’ll need to  champion your plan and  sell  its merits.  In  addition, you need to be willing to stand up to scrutiny and criticism and be prepared to explain your innovation in different ways for various audiences.

42                  .

Sometimes it makes sense to go to your boss first. But other times, it’s useful to build a coalition among your co-workers or other stakeholders. When it works, it works great—because you’re ready for your stubborn supervisor’s pushback with answers like,  “ Actually, I connected with a few people in our tech department to discuss how much time these kinds of website updates would take, and they suggested they have the bandwidth.

However, just be certain you can explain your end-around approach as one that built your case, rather than simply circumvented your manager. The last thing you want is for your boss to feel embarrassed he wasn’t informed—which could lead him to quash the idea before it even takes off.

43                  .

One of the biggest barriers to gaining buy-in occurs when the owner

of an idea is viewed as argumentative, defensive, or close-minded. Because, let ’s be honest: No one likes a know-it-all. So, ifpeople disagree with you,   don’t be indignant. Instead, listen to their concerns fully, try to understand    their perspective, and include their concerns (and possible remedies) in

future discussions.

So, instead of saying, “Martha, our current slogan is confusing and should be updated,” you could try, “Martha raises a great point that our current slogan has a long history for our stakeholders, but I wonder if we might able to brainstorm a tagline that could build on that—and be clearer for new customers.”

44                  .

New ideas are the grandchildren of old ones. In other words, don’t  throw old solutions under the bus to make your improvement stand out.  Remember that in light of whatever the problem the old system solved—or, maybe, has failed to solve in recent memory—it was a great idea at the  time.   Appreciating   the    older   contributions    as   you    suggest   future  innovations helps bolster the credibility of your idea.

45                  .

When  pitching  a  new  idea,  it ’s  important  use  the  language  of abundance instead of the language of deficit. Instead of saying what is wrong, broken, or suboptimal, talk about what is right, fixable, or ideal.

For example, try, “I can see lots of applications for this new approach” rather than, “This innovation is the only way.” Be optimistic but realistic,  and you will stand out.

Section III    Translation

46.  Directions:  Translate  the following  text  into  Chinese.   Write  your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

You know the moment - the conversation. Slows, then there's a pause. It's  awkward,   and  so  awkward  that   some  people  will  panic   and  say anything. Do we all find such silences so stressful?

Researchers analysed the frequency and impact of gaps greater than 2 seconds daring conversations, including an overview of previous  studies which indicate that the fear of awkward silences can be so extreme that people avoid taking to strangers, even though doing so is likely to be an enjoyable experience.

During conversations with short gaps, people feel more connected to their conversation partners. But such feeing of connection markedly dip when entering a long gap. Long gaps between strangers are likely to be followed by a change in topic.

But the opposite seems to be true for conversations between friends. Long gaps there saw increased connection. Between friends, longer gaps seem to provide natural moments for reflection and expression.

Section IV      Writing

Part A

47. Directions：

Suppose you are planning a short play based on a classic Chinese novel. Write your friend John an e-mail to.

1) introduce the play and

2)  invite him take part in it

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.( 10 points)

Part B

48. Directions:

Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 15 points)